Gramatika

Introduction. Traditional Dialects. Mainstream Dialects. Grammar. Text Examples.

An Adverb. Kinds of Adverbs. Positions of Adverbs. Exercises. Answers. Darbas anglų kalba.

Anglų kalbos užduotys. Iš šių sumaišytų raidžių sudarykite teisingą žodį. Šioje raidžių sumaištyje raskite šiuos žodžius. Išspręsti kryžiažodį. Atsakymai.

Tenses in English. Tense. Usage. Examples. Notes. Lentelė.

External structure. Referential approach. Main types of word meaning. Denotational and conotational components. Emotive charge and stylistic reference. Change of lexical meaning. Specialization. Degradation and elevation. Superordinate. Hyponym. Synonym. Types of connotations. The dominant synonym. Homophone. Phraseological units.

Auxiliary verbs. Modal auxiliary verbs. English tense usage in the Active Voice. English tense usage in the Passive Voice. A Table of Irregular Verbs. Verb + ... ing (The Gerund). Verbs + The Infinitive. Verbs + ... ing (The Gerund) or verbs + The Infinitive? Count nouns and non–count nouns. Genitives: "s" or "of the"? The Indefinite Article "a"/ "an". The Definite Article "the". Pronouns. Adjectives. Adverbs. Prepositions. Word Order. Subject–verb agreement. Reported Speech.

Present Indefinite. Past Indefinite. Future Indefinite. Future Indefinite in the Past . Present continuous. Past Continuous. Future Continuous. Future Continuous in the Past. Present perfect. Past Perfect. Future Perfect. Future Perfect in the Past. Present Perfect Continuous. Past Perfect Continuous. Future Perfect Continuous. Future in the Past Perfect Continuous.

Present Simple (Esamasis paprastasis laikas). Present Continuous (Esamasis tęstinis laikas). Present Perfect (Esamasis atliktinis laikas). Present Perfect Continuous (Esamasis atliktinis tęstinis laikas). Past Simple (Paprastasis būtasis laikas). Past Continuous (Būtasis tęstinis laikas). Past Perfect Continuous (Būtasis atliktinis tęstinis laikas). Past Perfect (Būtasis atliktinis laikas). Future Simple (Būsimasis paprastasis laikas). Future Continuos (Būsimasis tęstinis laikas). Future Perfect (Būsimasis atliktinis laikas). Future Perfect Continuos (Būsimasis atliktinis tęstinis laikas).

Anglų kalbos darbas. Introduction. Compounding. Compound nouns. Compound pronouns. Compound adjectives. Compound verbs. Compound adverbs. Compound numbers. Conclusions.

PowerPoint pristatymas anglų kalba. Sudurtiniai žodžiai. Sudurtinių žodžių formavimo taisyklės. Examples. Hyphen using. Forms of compound words. Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives. Genitive case. Plural compound forms. Suspended compounds. Suffixes and prefixes.

Darbas anglų kalba. Britų ir amerikiečių anglų kalbų skirtumai ir panašumai. Grammatical differences. Dissimilar pronunciation.

Anglų kalbos gramatikos lentelės. Word formation. Use of articles. Conditions of tenses. Table of tenses.

The Noun - Daiktavardis. Liepiamoji nuosaka. Šalutiniai pasekmės aplinkybės sakiniai-Adverbial clauses of result. Įvardžiai.

Darbas anglų kalba. Anglų kalbos gramatikos teorijos konspektas. Theoretical grammar vs. practical grammar. Why it should be studied? Types of grammar. Traditional prescriptive grammar. Traditional descriptive grammar. Structural descriptive grammar. Transformational-generative grammar. Classification of words in traditional and structural grammar. Features of present-day English. Grammatical category. The grammatical categories of Modern English. The noun and its grammatical categories. The Grammatical Category of Number. The Grammatical Category of Case. The Category of Gender. The Category of Determination The pronoun and its grammatical categories. The verb and its grammatical categories. The Category of Person. The Category of Number. The Category of Tense. The Category of Aspect. The Category of Voice. The Category of Order. The Category of Mood. The non-finite forms of the verb. Sentence and its features. The sentence as a three level structure.

Darbas anglų kalba. Homonimai anglų kalboje. Homonymy treated diachronically: Convergent development of sound form. Divergent semantic development.

Anglų kalbos gramatikos taisyklės. Simple Tenses. Present Simple. Past Simple. Future Simple. Perfect Tenses. Present Perfect. Past Perfect. Future Perfect. Continuous Tenses. Present Continuous. Past Continuous. Future Continuous. Laikų derinimo taisyklės.

Formal assessment. Placement tests. Achievement tests. Diagnostic tests. Proficiency tests. Types of objective tests. Multiple choice. Varieties of cloze procedure. Advice on creating cloze type passages. The C- Test. Dictation. Formal assessment of writing. Specifying all appropriate tasks and selecting a sample. Obtaining samples that properly represent each candidate’s ability. Obtaining reliable scoring of writing. This can be either holistic or analytic. Holistic or analytic? Formal assessment of speaking. Setting the tasks. Specifying all apropriate tasks. Advice on planning and conducting oral tests. Techniques not recommended. Obtaining valid and reliable scoring. Formal assessment of reading. Specifying what the candidate should be able to do. Practical advice on item writing. Formal assessment of listening. Specifying what the candidate should be able to do. Setting the tasks. Possible techniques. Informal assessment. Informal assessment of writing. Informal assessment of speaking. Informal assessment of reading. Informal assessment of listening. Results from informal assessment. Self-assessment. Foundations for self-assessment. Self-assessment of writing. Self-assessment of speaking. Oral self-assessment. Self-assessment of reading and listening. Learner training (reading). Learner trainer (listening). Progress questionnaires. Results from self-assessment. Introduction. Results from the reseach. References (11). Conclusion.

Laiško anglų kalba pavyzdys. Laiškas prašant informacijos. Formal letter: asking for information.

Anglų kalbos leksikologijos konspektas. The primary object of lexicology. Langue. The definition of the word. Semasiology. The meaning of the word and the concept. Functional approach. Types of word meaning. The denotational component. The smallest language unit. The cause of the change of meaning. Results of semantic change in denotational component of word meaning. Results of semantic change in the connotational component of the word meaning. Sense relations. Synonymy. The dominant synonym. Antonyms. Sense relations. Phraseology. There are two major classes of ME phraseological units. Phraseological borrowings. English literature. Classification of ph. Vinogradov. Idioms. Gibbs divides idioms into four classes. Words are made up of morphemes. Morphemic analysis. Word-building is that branch of lexicology. Semantics of affixes. Classification of prefixes. Conversion. Semantic relations between conversion pairs. Partial conversion. Composition. Motivation in compounds. Semantic aspects of compounds. Distinguishing between a compound word and word combination. Distinguishing between a compound word and word combination. Shortenings. Blending. Back-formation. The etymological structure. Words of native origin. The growth of the national literary language. Assimilation of borrowings. The degree of assimilation of borrowings. International words. Standard English. American English. Types of Americanism. The language spoken in the U.S.A.

Darbas anglų kalba. Leksikologija. The morpheme. The word vs morpheme. Morphemic analysis of word. Derivational analysis of word. Affixation. Derivational valency and patterns. Derivational affixes, their classification; semiaffixes. Morphological properties of the base. Derivational structure of the base. Semantic properties of the base. Affixes. Prefixes. Composition; criteria and classification of compounds. Compound derivatives, patterns and criteria. Conversion. Adjectivization. Substantivization. Shortening of words. The theory of word meaning. Types of word meaning. Polysemy. Change of meaning. Componential and contextual analyses. Synonymy. Antonymy. Homonymy. Phraseology. Varieties of English. The etymological structure of the English vocabulary. The theory of the word.